Activation of which autonomic division triggers the release of epinephrine?

Activation of which autonomic division triggers the release of epinephrine?

• A. Parasympathetic division
• B. Sympathetic division
• C. Central nervous system
• D. Somatic nervous system

Answer: (B)

Activation of the sympathetic division triggers the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream as part of the fight-or-flight response. When this division is activated, preganglionic sympathetic neurons stimulate adrenal medulla cells (chromaffin cells), prompting them to secrete epinephrine (and some norepinephrine) systemically. This surge boosts heart rate and blood flow to muscles, dilates airways, and raises blood glucose, preparing the body for rapid action. The parasympathetic division promotes rest-and-digest functions and does not cause epinephrine release. The central nervous system coordinates autonomic activity but does not release epinephrine, and the somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscles, not this hormonal response.

Activation of the sympathetic division triggers the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla into the bloodstream as part of the fight-or-flight response. When this division is activated, preganglionic sympathetic neurons stimulate adrenal medulla cells (chromaffin cells), prompting them to secrete epinephrine (and some norepinephrine) systemically. This surge boosts heart rate and blood flow to muscles, dilates airways, and raises blood glucose, preparing the body for rapid action. The parasympathetic division promotes rest-and-digest functions and does not cause epinephrine release. The central nervous system coordinates autonomic activity but does not release epinephrine, and the somatic nervous system controls voluntary muscles, not this hormonal response.